Pixel art is a type of digital art that is created by arranging pixels to form images. It has been around for decades and has gained popularity in recent years due to the resurgence of retro-style games and animations. Pixel art has many advantages over other forms of digital art, including its timeless appeal, versatility, and accessibility. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the advantages of pixel art and why it remains a popular choice for artists and game developers alike. From its ability to evoke nostalgia to its versatility in different styles and genres, we will delve into the world of pixel art and discover what makes it so special. Whether you are a seasoned artist or just starting out, this guide will provide you with valuable insights into the timeless appeal of pixel art.
What is Pixel Art?
A Brief History of Pixel Art
Pixel art, a digital art form that is created by manipulating individual pixels, has been around since the early days of computer graphics. The term “pixel” comes from the words “picture element,” and in pixel art, each pixel is carefully placed and colored to create an image.
In the 1970s, with the advent of computer graphics, pixel art was first used in the gaming industry. The first game to use pixel art was the classic arcade game, “Space Invaders,” which was released in 1978. The game featured simple pixelated graphics, but it was a revolutionary concept at the time.
In the 1980s, pixel art became more prevalent in the gaming industry, particularly in games for home consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and the Sega Genesis. Games like “Super Mario Bros,” “The Legend of Zelda,” and “Sonic the Hedgehog” featured detailed pixel art graphics that brought the characters and worlds to life.
In the 1990s, with the rise of 3D graphics, pixel art was thought to be on the decline. However, a new generation of artists and developers continued to use pixel art in their work, pushing the boundaries of what was possible with the medium. Games like “The Secret of Mana,” “Chrono Trigger,” and “Final Fantasy VI” showcased the versatility and potential of pixel art.
Today, pixel art continues to be a popular art form and is used in various industries such as gaming, animation, and design. The timeless appeal of pixel art lies in its ability to evoke nostalgia and simplicity while still being able to convey complex emotions and ideas.
Characteristics of Pixel Art
Pixel art is a unique form of digital art that is created by arranging pixels in a grid to form images. The distinct characteristics of pixel art make it stand out from other forms of digital art.
Limited Color Palette
One of the defining characteristics of pixel art is its limited color palette. Pixel art is typically created using a small number of colors, often no more than 16 or 256, which are arranged in a color map. This constraint encourages artists to think creatively about how to use color to create depth and contrast in their artwork.
Small Size
Another key characteristic of pixel art is its small size. Because pixels are so small, pixel art can be easily compressed and transferred between devices. This makes it an ideal form of digital art for use in video games, apps, and other digital media.
Retro Aesthetic
Pixel art has a distinct retro aesthetic that has become increasingly popular in recent years. This aesthetic is often associated with the early days of video gaming, when pixel art was the dominant form of digital art. Many artists and designers are drawn to pixel art because of its nostalgic appeal and its ability to evoke feelings of nostalgia and nostalgia.
Precision and Detail
Pixel art requires a high degree of precision and attention to detail. Because pixels are so small, even the slightest misplacement or miscoloration can ruin an entire image. This precision and attention to detail are what give pixel art its unique character and make it so appealing to artists and designers.
Overall, the characteristics of pixel art – its limited color palette, small size, retro aesthetic, and precision and detail – are what make it such a timeless and appealing form of digital art. Whether you’re a seasoned artist or just starting out, pixel art is a fascinating and rewarding medium to explore.
The Benefits of Pixel Art
Unique Aesthetic Appeal
Pixel art, with its distinctive visual style, has become increasingly popular among artists, game developers, and designers alike. The timeless appeal of pixel art lies in its unique aesthetic appeal, which is derived from several factors.
One of the primary reasons for the unique aesthetic appeal of pixel art is its inherent simplicity. Pixel art is created by manipulating individual pixels, which allows for a high degree of control over the final image. This simplicity, in turn, leads to a sense of clarity and coherence in the artwork, which is often lacking in more complex forms of digital art.
Another factor contributing to the unique aesthetic appeal of pixel art is its retro-inspired look. Pixel art has its roots in the early days of computer graphics, and its nostalgic appeal has helped to fuel its resurgence in recent years. Many artists and designers are drawn to pixel art because of its ability to evoke a sense of nostalgia and retro charm, which can be used to create a unique and distinctive visual style.
In addition to its simplicity and retro-inspired look, pixel art also offers a high degree of versatility. Because of its low resolution, pixel art can be easily scaled up or down without losing any of its detail or clarity. This makes it an ideal choice for use in a wide range of contexts, from small mobile screens to large HD displays.
Finally, the unique aesthetic appeal of pixel art is also due to its ability to convey a sense of playfulness and whimsy. Because of its distinctive visual style, pixel art is often associated with classic arcade games and other forms of interactive entertainment. This association with playfulness and fun helps to make pixel art an engaging and memorable form of digital art.
Overall, the unique aesthetic appeal of pixel art is due to its simplicity, retro-inspired look, versatility, and playfulness. These factors combine to make pixel art a timeless and enduring form of digital art that continues to captivate artists, designers, and audiences alike.
Time-Efficient and Cost-Effective
Pixel art is a form of digital art that is created by manipulating individual pixels to form images. One of the key benefits of pixel art is that it is highly time-efficient and cost-effective. This is because pixel art is created using a grid-based system, where each pixel is placed in a specific location to create the desired image. This means that artists can create detailed and intricate images without having to spend a lot of time or money on software or other tools.
In addition, because pixel art is created using a limited color palette, it is often more cost-effective than other forms of digital art. This is because it requires fewer colors to create a high-quality image, which means that artists can save money on color-related expenses.
Furthermore, pixel art can be easily shared and distributed online, which means that artists can reach a wider audience without having to spend money on printing or shipping costs. This makes it an ideal form of art for independent artists who are looking to build their careers without breaking the bank.
Overall, the time-efficient and cost-effective nature of pixel art makes it an attractive option for artists who are looking to create high-quality images without spending a lot of time or money.
Scalability and Versatility
Pixel art, with its unique visual style and charm, has become increasingly popular in the digital age. One of the primary reasons for this popularity is the scalability and versatility of pixel art. This subheading will explore how pixel art can be scaled up or down to fit various platforms and how it can be adapted to different genres and styles.
Scalability
Pixel art’s scalability is one of its most significant advantages. Unlike other forms of digital art, pixel art is not limited by resolution or file size. This means that pixel art can be scaled up or down to fit any platform, from small mobile screens to large TV screens. This flexibility allows artists to create pixel art that can be used in a wide range of contexts, from simple icons and logos to complex video game environments.
Moreover, pixel art’s scalability is not just limited to its use on different platforms. It can also be scaled up or down within the same platform, allowing artists to create pixel art that can be viewed at different sizes without losing its quality or detail. This flexibility is particularly useful for artists who want to create pixel art that can be viewed on different devices or in different contexts.
Versatility
Another advantage of pixel art’s scalability is its versatility. Pixel art can be adapted to different genres and styles, making it a popular choice for artists who want to create art that is both unique and versatile. From retro-style pixel art to modern, high-definition pixel art, the possibilities are endless.
Pixel art’s versatility is also reflected in its use in different industries. Pixel art is not just limited to video games; it is also used in advertising, animation, and graphic design. Its timeless appeal and versatility make it a popular choice for artists who want to create art that can be used in a wide range of contexts.
In conclusion, the scalability and versatility of pixel art are two of its most significant advantages. Its flexibility allows artists to create pixel art that can be used in a wide range of contexts, from small icons to large video game environments. Its versatility also makes it a popular choice for artists who want to create art that is both unique and adaptable to different genres and styles.
Accessibility and Cross-Platform Compatibility
Pixel art has become increasingly popular due to its accessibility and cross-platform compatibility. It can be easily created and viewed on various devices, making it a versatile and cost-effective option for game developers and artists alike.
Accessibility
Pixel art is highly accessible because it can be created and viewed on a wide range of devices, including computers, mobile phones, and gaming consoles. This makes it a great option for artists who want to create artwork that can be shared with a large audience without worrying about compatibility issues. Additionally, because pixel art is a digital medium, it can be easily shared and distributed online, making it easy for artists to reach a global audience.
Cross-Platform Compatibility
One of the biggest advantages of pixel art is its cross-platform compatibility. This means that pixel art can be created and viewed on a variety of devices, including computers, mobile phones, and gaming consoles. This makes it a great option for game developers who want to create games that can be played on multiple platforms. Additionally, because pixel art is a digital medium, it can be easily adapted to different screen sizes and resolutions, making it a versatile option for artists and game developers alike.
In conclusion, the accessibility and cross-platform compatibility of pixel art make it a popular choice for artists and game developers. Its versatility and cost-effectiveness make it a great option for those looking to create artwork or games that can be enjoyed by a wide audience.
Pixel Art Techniques and Tools
Pixel Art Tools and Software
Pixel art is an art form that has been around for decades, and with the advancement of technology, there are now more tools and software available to create pixel art. Here are some of the most popular pixel art tools and software that artists use today:
Aseprite
Aseprite is a pixel art software that is popular among indie game developers and artists. It has a user-friendly interface and a wide range of features, including layers, animations, and color management. It also has a built-in image editor and supports multiple platforms, including Windows, Mac, and Linux.
Piskel
Piskel is a free and open-source pixel art software that is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. It has a simple interface and is easy to use, making it a great tool for beginners. It also has a wide range of features, including layers, animations, and image editing.
GraphicsGale
GraphicsGale is a pixel art software that is popular among retro game developers. It has a powerful set of tools for creating pixel art, including layers, animations, and image editing. It also has a wide range of filters and effects that can be applied to images.
Pro Motion
Pro Motion is a pixel art software that is designed specifically for creating animations. It has a user-friendly interface and a wide range of features, including layers, keyframes, and onion skinning. It also has a built-in timeline and supports multiple platforms, including Windows, Mac, and Linux.
These are just a few examples of the many pixel art tools and software available to artists today. Each tool has its own unique features and advantages, so it’s important to choose the one that best suits your needs and style. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced artist, there’s a pixel art tool out there that can help you bring your creative vision to life.
Common Pixel Art Techniques
Pixel art, as a digital art form, has evolved significantly since its inception. One of the primary reasons for its continued popularity is the wide range of techniques and tools that artists can use to create stunning pixel art. In this section, we will explore some of the most common pixel art techniques that are used by artists today.
1. Pixel Perfect
Pixel Perfect is a technique that involves drawing each pixel by hand, with great attention to detail. This technique is time-consuming but results in a highly detailed and accurate image. Artists who use this technique must have a keen eye for detail and be willing to spend a lot of time on their work.
2. Pixel Doubling
Pixel Doubling is a technique that involves creating a larger version of an image and then scaling it down to the desired size. This technique is often used to create smoother curves and sharper edges in an image. It can also be used to create images that are larger than the original size.
3. Pixel Shading
Pixel Shading is a technique that involves shading individual pixels to create a sense of depth and dimension in an image. This technique is often used to create 3D effects and to add shadows and highlights to an image. It requires a high level of skill and attention to detail to achieve the desired effect.
4. Anti-Aliasing
Anti-Aliasing is a technique that involves smoothing out the edges of pixels to create a more natural and realistic look. This technique is often used to create smooth curves and edges in an image. It can also be used to reduce the jagged edges that can occur when scaling an image up or down.
5. Transparency
Transparency is a technique that involves creating images with transparent pixels. This technique is often used to create special effects and to add a sense of depth to an image. It requires a high level of skill and attention to detail to achieve the desired effect.
These are just a few of the many techniques that artists use to create stunning pixel art. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, and artists often use a combination of techniques to achieve the desired effect. By understanding these common pixel art techniques, you can create stunning pixel art that stands out from the crowd.
Mastering the Art of Pixel Design
Pixel art, as a form of digital art, is characterized by its small, individual pixels that come together to create a larger image. The art of pixel design involves meticulously placing each pixel to create a unique visual style that can evoke nostalgia, simplicity, and charm. Mastering the art of pixel design requires patience, attention to detail, and a solid understanding of color theory and composition.
Here are some tips for mastering the art of pixel design:
- Understand the basics of color theory: A solid understanding of color theory is essential for creating effective pixel art. This includes knowledge of color harmony, contrast, and saturation. Pixel artists must carefully select colors that work well together and create a cohesive visual experience.
- Learn to use graphic design software: There are several graphic design software programs available that are specifically designed for pixel art. These programs provide tools for creating and manipulating pixels, such as paint brushes, color palettes, and grid snap tools. Pixel artists should take the time to learn how to use these tools effectively.
- Practice, practice, practice: Like any skill, mastering the art of pixel design requires practice. Pixel artists should spend time creating small projects, such as simple icons or characters, to build their skills and develop their unique style.
- Experiment with different techniques: Pixel art is a versatile medium that can be used to create a wide range of styles, from retro-inspired to modern and minimalist. Pixel artists should experiment with different techniques, such as dithering, anti-aliasing, and transparency, to create unique visual effects.
- Study the work of other pixel artists: By studying the work of other pixel artists, pixel artists can gain inspiration and learn new techniques. It’s important to analyze the work of others and understand how they achieved their desired effects.
By following these tips, aspiring pixel artists can master the art of pixel design and create stunning digital art that is both visually appealing and timeless.
Real-World Applications of Pixel Art
Gaming Industry
Pixel art has found a significant place in the gaming industry due to its ability to provide a nostalgic and unique visual experience. This section will delve into the advantages of pixel art in gaming and its impact on the industry.
Enhanced Aesthetics
Pixel art provides a distinct visual style that is reminiscent of classic games, which has become an integral part of gaming culture. This style is characterized by its limited color palette, simple animations, and small pixel size, which gives games a unique charm and personality. Pixel art allows developers to create visually appealing games that are easily recognizable and can evoke feelings of nostalgia in players.
Cost-Effective
Pixel art is a cost-effective solution for indie game developers who may not have the resources to create high-quality 3D graphics. Since pixel art is simpler to create and requires fewer resources, it is an attractive option for developers who want to create games on a tight budget. This has led to an explosion of indie games that use pixel art, which has contributed to the growth of the gaming industry.
Pixel art is highly compatible with various platforms, including mobile devices, PCs, and consoles. This makes it an ideal choice for developers who want to create games that can be played across multiple devices. Pixel art’s small file size and low hardware requirements also make it an excellent choice for mobile games, which have become increasingly popular in recent years.
Flexibility
Pixel art offers developers a high degree of flexibility in terms of game design. Since pixel art is created using individual pixels, developers can manipulate each pixel to create different effects, such as shading, transparency, and animation. This level of control allows developers to create unique and engaging gameplay experiences that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with other art styles.
In conclusion, pixel art has become an essential component of the gaming industry due to its ability to provide a nostalgic and unique visual experience, cost-effectiveness, cross-platform compatibility, and flexibility. As technology continues to advance, pixel art will likely remain a popular choice for indie game developers who want to create games that stand out from the crowd.
Animation and Cartoons
Pixel art has become an increasingly popular style of animation and cartoons in recent years. The use of pixel art in animation allows for a unique visual style that can be reminiscent of classic video games and retro animations. The use of small pixels to create images allows for a level of detail that can be difficult to achieve with other forms of animation.
One of the advantages of using pixel art in animation is that it can be a cost-effective way to create high-quality visuals. Because pixel art is created using small pixels, it can be easier to create detailed images without the need for complex software or specialized equipment. This can make it a great option for independent animators or small studios who may not have the resources to create more complex animations.
Another advantage of using pixel art in animation is that it can be used to create a distinct visual style. Pixel art is often associated with retro video games and 8-bit graphics, and using it in animation can help to create a nostalgic feel that can be appealing to audiences. This can be especially effective when combined with a story or characters that evoke memories of classic video games or retro pop culture.
Pixel art can also be used to create a unique sense of movement and animation. Because the images are created using small pixels, it can be easier to create the illusion of movement and action. This can be especially effective in action scenes or scenes that require a lot of movement, as it can help to create a sense of energy and excitement.
Overall, the use of pixel art in animation and cartoons can provide a unique visual style that can be both nostalgic and modern. It can be a cost-effective way to create high-quality visuals, and it can be used to create a distinct sense of movement and action. Whether you’re an independent animator or a small studio, using pixel art in your animations can be a great way to stand out and create a unique visual style.
Advertising and Branding
Pixel art has found its way into various aspects of the advertising and branding industry. With its ability to create visually appealing designs, it has become a popular choice for creating brand logos, product packaging, and promotional materials. Here are some ways that pixel art is used in advertising and branding:
Brand Identity
Pixel art can be used to create a unique and recognizable brand identity. By using a distinct style of pixel art, brands can differentiate themselves from their competitors and create a memorable image in the minds of their target audience. For example, the popular video game, Minecraft, uses a blocky pixel art style to create a distinct and recognizable brand identity.
Packaging Design
Pixel art can also be used in product packaging design. The use of pixel art in packaging design can create a nostalgic feel, which can appeal to consumers who are looking for products that remind them of their childhood. Pixel art can also be used to create eye-catching designs that stand out on store shelves. For example, the company, Kidrobot, uses pixel art in their product packaging to create a playful and colorful design.
Promotional Materials
Pixel art can also be used in promotional materials such as posters, billboards, and social media ads. The use of pixel art in promotional materials can create a visually striking design that captures the attention of the target audience. Pixel art can also be used to create animated advertisements that can grab the attention of consumers and make a lasting impression. For example, the clothing brand, Supreme, has used pixel art in their promotional materials to create a unique and edgy design.
Overall, pixel art has become a popular choice in advertising and branding due to its ability to create visually appealing designs that can grab the attention of consumers. Whether it’s used to create a unique brand identity, eye-catching packaging design, or promotional materials, pixel art has proven to be a timeless and effective tool in the world of advertising and branding.
Architectural Visualization
Pixel art has become increasingly popular in the field of architectural visualization due to its ability to create highly detailed and accurate 3D models. These models can be used for a variety of purposes, including building design, construction planning, and marketing.
One of the key advantages of using pixel art in architectural visualization is its ability to create highly detailed textures and materials. This allows architects and designers to create realistic representations of their buildings, which can be used to showcase the building’s features and capabilities to potential clients.
In addition to its use in architectural design, pixel art is also used in construction planning. By creating highly detailed 3D models of a building, contractors can more easily plan and execute their construction projects. This can help to reduce construction time and costs, while also improving the overall quality of the finished building.
Another key advantage of using pixel art in architectural visualization is its ability to create highly realistic lighting effects. This can be used to showcase the building’s interior and exterior spaces, as well as to highlight specific features and amenities.
Overall, the use of pixel art in architectural visualization offers a wide range of benefits, including improved accuracy, realistic textures and materials, and highly detailed lighting effects. These advantages make it an essential tool for architects, designers, and contractors, and help to ensure that their buildings are of the highest quality and standard.
Virtual and Augmented Reality
Pixel art has become increasingly popular in the realm of virtual and augmented reality. In virtual reality, pixel art is used to create immersive and visually appealing environments. It allows for the creation of detailed and intricate worlds that users can explore and interact with. In augmented reality, pixel art is used to create graphics and animations that are overlaid onto the real world. This technology is often used in advertising and marketing campaigns, as well as in educational and entertainment applications. The use of pixel art in virtual and augmented reality provides a unique and visually striking experience for users, making it a valuable tool for these applications.
Pixel Art and the Future of Digital Art
Evolution of Pixel Art
Pixel art has come a long way since its inception in the late 1970s. The style was first used in early video games and quickly gained popularity due to its low file size and simplicity. Since then, pixel art has evolved and expanded to become a unique form of digital art that continues to be popular today.
One of the most significant developments in pixel art was the introduction of new tools and software that made it easier for artists to create high-quality pixel art. This led to an explosion of creativity and innovation in the field, as artists began to push the boundaries of what was possible with pixel art.
Another major development in pixel art was the emergence of indie games, which often featured pixel art as their primary art style. These games helped to popularize pixel art and made it a recognizable and beloved style of digital art.
Today, pixel art continues to be a popular style of digital art, with many artists and developers still creating new and exciting works in the field. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that pixel art will continue to evolve and change, but its timeless appeal will always remain.
Innovations and Emerging Trends
As technology continues to advance, the world of digital art is constantly evolving. Pixel art, with its distinct style and unique characteristics, has managed to remain relevant and timeless. Let’s explore some of the innovations and emerging trends in pixel art.
Advancements in Pixel Art Tools
One of the significant developments in pixel art is the advancement of tools that enable artists to create and manipulate pixel art with greater precision and efficiency. For example, Aseprite, a pixel art software, offers advanced features such as layers, animation, and effects that allow artists to create complex animations and detailed pixel art. Similarly, other software like Piskel and Pixelor have also enhanced the capabilities of pixel art creators.
The Rise of Pixel Art in Independent Games
Pixel art has also become increasingly popular in the world of independent gaming. Indie game developers often use pixel art as a way to create visually striking games with limited resources. Pixel art’s versatility and adaptability make it an ideal choice for indie game developers who are looking for a unique aesthetic that can be achieved with minimal resources.
The Resurgence of Pixel Art in Pop Culture
Another trend that has emerged in recent years is the resurgence of pixel art in pop culture. With the rise of retro-inspired aesthetics, pixel art has become a popular choice for designing album covers, movie posters, and even advertising campaigns. Many companies are now using pixel art to create a nostalgic and nostalgic-inspired visual identity that appeals to consumers.
The Influence of Pixel Art on Modern Art
Finally, pixel art has also had an influence on modern art. Many contemporary artists are experimenting with pixel art, incorporating its distinct style and techniques into their work. Pixel art has also inspired new forms of digital art, such as glitch art and ASCII art, which continue to push the boundaries of digital creativity.
In conclusion, pixel art continues to evolve and innovate, with new tools, trends, and applications emerging all the time. Its timeless appeal and versatility make it an enduring art form that will continue to inspire artists and designers for years to come.
The Role of Pixel Art in Modern Art
Pixel art, with its distinct visual style and unique capabilities, has played a significant role in the evolution of digital art. As technology has advanced, so too has the ability to create and manipulate digital images, and pixel art has remained at the forefront of this movement. In modern art, pixel art continues to be a vital form of expression, offering artists a way to push the boundaries of traditional art forms and explore new possibilities.
One of the key advantages of pixel art is its versatility. Unlike traditional art forms, which are often limited by the materials and techniques available, pixel art can be created using a wide range of software and tools. This means that artists have a great deal of freedom to experiment with different styles and techniques, and can create works that are unique and innovative.
Another advantage of pixel art is its ability to create a sense of nostalgia and nostalgia. With its pixelated, retro-style graphics, pixel art is able to evoke feelings of nostalgia and nostalgia in viewers, taking them back to a simpler time. This has made it a popular choice for games, animations, and other forms of media that are designed to be nostalgic and nostalgic.
Finally, pixel art has a distinct aesthetic appeal that sets it apart from other forms of digital art. Its pixelated, blocky style is both unique and visually striking, and can be used to create works that are both beautiful and striking. Whether used for illustrations, animations, or other forms of media, pixel art has the ability to captivate viewers and draw them in, making it a valuable tool for artists looking to make a statement and leave a lasting impression.
Overall, the role of pixel art in modern art cannot be overstated. With its versatility, ability to evoke nostalgia, and distinct aesthetic appeal, pixel art has proven to be a valuable and enduring form of digital art, and is sure to continue to play a vital role in the world of art for years to come.
FAQs
1. What is pixel art?
Pixel art is a digital art form that uses small, square pixels to create images. Each pixel is assigned a color, and the artist arranges these colors in a grid to create the desired image. Pixel art can be used in video games, animations, and other digital media.
2. What are the advantages of pixel art?
Pixel art has several advantages, including its versatility, low file size, and ability to create detailed images with a limited color palette. Additionally, pixel art is timeless and has a nostalgic appeal that many people find attractive.
3. Is pixel art difficult to create?
Creating pixel art can be challenging, especially for beginners. It requires a good understanding of color theory, composition, and lighting. However, with practice and dedication, anyone can learn to create pixel art.
4. What software is best for creating pixel art?
There are many software programs available for creating pixel art, including Adobe Photoshop, Aseprite, and Piskel. The best software for you will depend on your personal preferences and the specific needs of your project.
5. Can pixel art be used in modern games?
Yes, pixel art is still widely used in modern video games. Many indie game developers prefer pixel art because it is a cost-effective way to create high-quality graphics. Additionally, pixel art has a retro appeal that is popular with gamers.
6. Is pixel art limited to a specific style?
While pixel art is often associated with a retro, 8-bit style, it can be used to create a wide range of artistic styles. From realistic portraits to abstract designs, pixel art can be adapted to suit any artist’s vision.
7. Can pixel art be used for commercial purposes?
Yes, pixel art can be used for commercial purposes, such as creating artwork for websites, apps, and products. However, it is important to consider copyright and licensing issues when using pixel art in commercial projects.